Exercise 1
Check the following draft
There are many reasons why people quit their jobs Joan quit her high-paying job last week. She had had enough of her coworker’s abuse. Every day they would make fun of her and talk about her behind her back. Joan’s work environment was too stressful, so she quit. Many employees quit their jobs. In fact, there are numerous reasons for this phenomenon.
First, the job does not fit the workers. Job seekers may accept a job without considering their skills. Is especially true when the economy is slowing and jobs are hard to find. The workers may try their best to change themselves depending on the work. However, at some point they realize that they are not cut out in this line of work and end up quitting. This lack of understanding or ability make people feel uncomfortable in their jobs. So they begin to look for other work.
Another reason people quit their jobs is the money. Why do people work in the first place? They work in order to make money. If employees are underpaid, he cannot earn enough to support himself or his family. The notion of working, earning a decent salary, and enjoy life is no longer possible. In this case, low-paid workers have no choice but to quit their jobs and search for a better-paying position.
Perhaps the biggest situation that leads people to quit their jobs is personality conflict. It is really difficult for an employee to wake up every morning, knowing that they will be spending the next eight or nine hours in a dysfunctional environment. The problem can be with bosses or coworkers but the result is the same. Imagine working for a discriminate boss or colleagues which spread rumors. The stress levels increase until that employee cannot stand the idea of going to work. The employee quits his or her job in the hope of finding a more calm atmosphere somewhere else.
Work should not be a form of punishment. For those people who have problems with not feeling comfortable on the job, not getting paid enough, and not respected, it does feel like punishment. As a result, they quit and continue their search for a job that will give them a sense of pride, safety, and friends.
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Possible way of editing
Second draft
Two weeks’ notice A generation ago, it was common for workers to stay at their place of employment for years and years. When it was time for these employees to retire, companies would offer a generous pension package and, sometimes, a token of appreciation, such as a watch, keychain, or other trinket. Oh, how times have changed. Nowadays, people –especially younger workers– jump from job to job like bees fly from flower to flower to pollinate. Some observers might say that today’s workforce is not as serious as yesterday’s. This is too simple an explanation, however. In today’s society, fueled by globalization, recession, and other challenges, people quit their jobs for a number of valid reasons.
One reason for quitting a job is that the job doesn't not fit the worker. In other words, job seekers may accept a job without considering their aptitude for it. This is especially true when the economy is slowing and jobs are hard to find. The workers may try their best to adapt themselves to the work. However, at some point they realize that they are not cut out for this line of work and end up quitting. This lack of understanding or ability makes people feel uncomfortable in their jobs, so they begin to look for other work.
Another reason people quit their jobs is the salary. Why do people work in the first place? They work in order to make money. If employees are underpaid, they cannot earn enough to support themselves or their families. The notion of working, earning a decent salary, and enjoying life is no longer viable. In this case, underpaid workers have no choice but to quit their jobs and search for a better-paying position.
Perhaps the most discouraging situation that leads people to quit their jobs is personality conflicts. It is extremely difficult for an employee to wake up every morning knowing that he or she will be spending the next eight or nine hours in a dysfunctional and often destructive environment. The discord can be with bosses or coworkers, but the result is the same. Imagine working for a bigoted boss or a colleague who spread rumors. The stress levels increase until that employee can no longer stand the idea of going to work. In the end, the employee quits his or her job with the hope of finding a more serene atmosphere somewhere else.
Work should not be thought of as a form of punishment. For those people who struggle with not feeling comfortable on the job, not getting paid enough, and not being respected, it does feel like punishment. As a result, they quit and continue their search for a job that will give them a sense of pride, safety, and camaraderie. |
Lesson 2 capitalization
Basic capitalization rules
Always capitalize the first word of a sentence.
Several factors contributed to the failure of the plan.
Always capitalize the word I no matter where it is in a sentence.
The winners of the contest were Nathaniel and I.
Capitalize proper nouns –the names of specific people, places, or things. Capitalize a person's title including Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Dr.
Mr. Hill visited his home state of Arizona.
The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island in New York.
Capitalize names of countries and other geographic areas.
People from Mexico are called Mexicans. They speak Spanish.
Capitalize titles of works such as books, movies and pieces of art.
The Dark Side of Cycling.
A Sea without Life
Activity 1
two months that are more than thirty days long are March and July.
why does February never have thirty days?
In the original calendar by the romans, September was the seventh Month.
The month of august was named for Caesar augustus.
The word april can be the name of a month or a girl.
Correct the following paragraph
Not smart enough to be a robber One night, two guys decided to rob a Small Store. They got inside the store and began to put things in a bag. Officer Jenkins was driving his car by the store at that very moment. Suddenly, the robbers saw the police car coming near the Store. They rushed outside, but they did not have time to escape. There were two big Bushes near the window, so each robber went behind one of the bushes. Officer jenkins saw one of the robbers and grabbed him. The police officer saint, “all right, coe with me. Now we have You!” as the police officer was taking away this Criminal the robber looked back at the other bush and said, “Hey, come on mike! They’ve caught us!” |
facts about the month of September september is the ninth month of the year. However, the word september comes from the Latin word septem, which means “seven”. This disparity between seven and nine is because long ago, a different calendar was used in which september was indeed the seventh month. When julius caesar, leader of rome, redid the calendar, he designated september as the ninth month. |
a summary of a tale of two cities Charles dickens published his great work a tale of two cities in 1859. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness…'' With these famous lines, Charles dickens opens this dramatic story, which tells of life in paris and london at the time of french revolution. This famous dickens novel describes Life in one of the Wold’s most chaotic times. |
End punctuation
The three most common punctuation marks found at the end of English sentences are the period, the question mark, and the exclamation point.
Period (.) A period is used at the end of a declarative sentence.
This sentence is a declarative sentence.
This sentence is not a question.
All three of these sentences and with a period.
Question mark (?) a question mark is used at the end of a question.
Is this idea difficult?
Is it hard to remember the name of this mark?
How many questions are in this group?
Exclamation point (!) an exclamation point is used at the end of an exclamation. It is less common than the other two marks. In fact, a piece of academic writing—whether the assignment is a paragraph or an essay— usually has no exclamation points.
I cannot believe you think this topic is difficult!
This is the best writing book in the world!
Now I finally understand all of these examples!
Activity
Add the correct and punctuation.
Wow, I cannot believe how tall you are
Is abigail going to take her dog for a walk
Make sure you brush your teeth before you go to bed
How many people are going to the circus
Rick learned the guitar against the wall
Commas
The comma has several different functions in English. Here are some of the most common ones.
A comma separates a list of three or more things. There should be a comma between the items in a list.
He speaks French and English. (no comma is needed)
She speaks French, English, and Chinese.
A comma separates two sentences then there is a combining word (coordinating conjunction) such as and, but, ot, so, for, nor, and yet. The easy way to remember these conjunctions is FANBOYS.
Six people took the course, but only five of them passed the test.
Sammy bought the cake, and Paul paid for the ice cream.
Students can register for classes in person, or they can submit their application by email.
A comma is used to separate an introductory word or phrase from the rest of the sentence.
In conclusion, doctors are advising people to take more vitamins.
First, you will need a pencil.
Because of the heavy rains, many of the roads were flooded.
Finally, add the nuts to the batter.
A comma is used to separate an appositive from the rest of the sentence. An appositive is a word, or group of words that renames a noun. An appositive provides additional information about the noun.
Washington, the first president of the United States, was a clever military leader.
A comma is something used with adjective clauses. An adjective clause usually begins with a relative pronoun (who, that, which, whom, whose, whoever, or whomever). We use a comma when the information in the clause is unnecessary or extra.
The book that is on the teacher’s desk is the main book for this class.
The History of Korea, which is on the teacher’s desk, is the main book for this class.
Activity
Add commas as needed in these sentences. Some sentences may be correct, and others may need more than one comma.
For the past three years Jeff has been the IT Manager for a large medical office.
Despite the foul weather we had a remarkably smooth flight.
My favorite vegetables are broccoli carrots and corn.
Ron’s favorite vegetables are summer squash and green beans.
Tomorrow afternoon I plan on going biking and swimming.
First make sure you clean your room.
Spain France and Italy are fun countries to visit.
Without their ability to use sonar bats would not be able to fly at night.
The lion which is often referred to as the king of the jungle is a ferocious hunter.
Because of his broken arm Emmanel will not be able to play tennis tomorrow.
As part of their vacation Ben Mike and Adam went to visit the village of Tomok.
The restaurant is very large and can seat more than 300 people at once.
Ellen and Steven’s anniversary is April 25 the same day as Jeff’s birthday.
My brother who lives in Morocco has straight hair. (I have several brother)
My brother who lives in Mexico has curly hair. (I have only one brother)
That laptop is the lightest one that I have ever held.
Venezuela produces a great deal of oil so it is a member of OPEC.
Sun Cash Coffee Shop which has hundreds of locations just opened a new one down the street.
When you go to bed make sure you turn off all the lights.
Apostrophes
They have two basic uses in English. They indicate either a contraction or a possession.
Contractions: use an apostrophe in a contraction in place of the letter or letters that have been deleted.
He’s (he is or he has), they’re (they are), I’ve (I have)
Possession: use an apostrophe to indicate possession. Add an apostrophe and the letter s after the word if a plural word already ends in s, then just add an apostrophe.
Gandhi’s role in the history of India.
Yesterday’s paper
The boy’s books
The boys’ books.
Activity
Correct the apostrophe errors in these sentences.
I am going to Stephanies house tonight.
My three friends children are all well behaved.
Both airlines logos consist of a dark blue wing with multiple starts.
Many people have said that it cant be done.
The childrens’ toys were strewn all over the floor.
Quotation marks
To mark the exact words that were spoken by someone:
The king said, “I refuse to give up my throne.”
“None of the solutions is correct,” said the professor.
The king said that he refuses to give up his throne.
To mark language that a writer has borrowed from another source:
The dictionary defines gossip as a “trivial rumor of a personal nature,” but I would add that it is usually malicious.
This research concludes that there was “no real reason to expect this computer software program to produce good results with high school students.”
According to an article in The San Jose Times, about half of the money was stolen. (no quotes are necessary here because it is a summary.)
To indicate when a word or phrase is being used in a special way:
The king believed himself to be the leader of a democracy, so he allowed the prisoner to choose his method of flying. According to the king, allowing this kind of “democracy” showed that he was indeed a good ruler.
Activities
Add quotation marks where necessary. Some sentences may not need them.
As I walked past the room I heard the teacher say, Be sure to turn in your homework tomorrow.
According to research published in the Ultimate Medical Guide, 19.6 percent of people do not brush their teeth on a daily basis, (p.75) I find that statistic hard to believe.
My wife says that I should buy her flowers once a week. I told her that would be fine as long as I could pay with her credit card.
When my English friend speaks of a heat wave just because the temperature reaches over 80°, I have to laugh because I come from Thailand, where we have sunshine most of the year. The days when we have to dress warmly are certainly few, and some people wear shorts outside almost every month of the year.
The directors on the package read, Open carefully. Add contents to one glass of warm water. Drink just before bedtime.
Semicolons
The semicolon is used most often to combine two related sentences.
Use a semicolon when you want to connect two simple sentences.
The function of a semicolon is similar to that of a period. However, in order to use a semicolon, there must be a relationship between the sentences.
Joey loves to play tennis. He has been playing since he was ten years old.
Joey loves to play tennis; he has been playing since he was ten years old.
Activity
Replace the period with a semicolon and make any other change necessary.
Mark and Kathy originally met in California. They moved to Texas two years ago.
The test was easy. Everyone passed it.
Chicken is required for chicken noodle soup. Celery is not.
Two-story houses have stairs in them. Ranches do not.
Find the ten punctuation errors in this paragraph and make corrections above the errors.
Lawn care. Taking care of your lawn can be rather simple First if you live in an arid climate your mist water your lawn once a week. In addition it is important to fertilize your lawn three to four times year You must also put weed preventer on your lawn in the fall and in the spring Also, make sure you mow your lawn once a week however make sure you do not cut it too short. Following these simple steps can mean the difference between an average lawn and a great lawn |
Healthy Choices There are many healthy alternatives to Children’s ideas of traditional desserts. For example instead of eating ice cream people can eat frozen yogurt which is lower in both fat and calories Rice cakes make a great afternoon snack Cut-up vegetables can also make a midday snack To satisfy their sweet tooth people can drink a can of iced tea without sugar, which has zero calories, instead of ice tea with sugar which may have up to 200 calories per serving. By making minor improvements in what we eat and drink we can significantly improve our health. |
A Review The Intelligent Investor which was written by Benjamin Graham is considered by many to be one of the most important books ever written about investing. In this book Graham discusses many different ways, to invest ones money safely and intelligently. Graham offers sound advice based on simple fundamental principles To his credit Graham has many examples of successful investors that he has trained. For example Graham mentored Warren Buffet who is currently one of the richest people in the world and arguably one of the greatest investors to walk the earth. Most people who consider investing their personal finances or investing as a progression and up reading the Intelligent Investor. |
Types of sentence activities.
Identify the following elements: subject, verb and coordinating conjunction.
Computers have become a part of our daily lives, and they have greatly influenced our habits.
Many people enjoy surfing the internet, but some people still do not know how to send an email message.
Trees provide shade for people to sit under, and they also produce oxygen for people to breathe.
Beijing did a fabulous job hosting the 2008 Summer Olympics, and many records were broken there.
Should people continue to drive large vehicles, or are they too harmful to the environment?
Abi had been to the market many times, but she had never purchased anything there.
Activity 2
Identify: subject, verb, and subordinating conjunction.
According to a recent report, interest in exercise has increased because it can add years to a person’s life.
People often report an increase in their energy level when they begin to exercise on a daily basis.
Because health-minded people engage in a variety of physical activities, they increase their chances of meeting people.
Since people who pursue a healthy lifestyle look fit and feel better about themselves, they are more likely to have fulfilling social lives.
Although altering one’s eating and exercising pattern may be difficult at first, it becomes easier with time.
Comma splices
Correct the comma splices in one of two ways: 1 change the comma to a period and make two sentences or 2 add a connector after the comma.
Examples:
Comma Splice: I enjoy amusement parks, I didn't have fun at Great America.
Corrected: I enjoy amusement parks, but I didn't have fun at Great America.
Fused Sentence: My mom made dinner I ate at home.
Corrected: My mom made dinner, so I ate at home.
Yet another factor that contributes to heart disease is stress. Stress causes a rise in blood pressure, this puts added demands on the heart. Stress also causes a release of adrenaline, which increases blood pressure and creates an increased need for oxygen, causing the heart to work harder than normal. Stress increases the amount of blood-clotting chemicals in the bloodstream. This increases the risk of blood clots, they can in turn lead to a heart attack. To make matters worse, instead of exercising to combat stress, many people choose to smoke, which further increases their risk for heart disease.
Additional grammar activities
Verb form A Simple Recipe “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” may sound ridiculous, but this proverb offer an important suggestion. If you travel to other countries, especially to a country that is very different from your own, you should keeping this saying in mind. For example, Japan has unique customs that is not found in any other country. If you traveled to Japan, you should find out about Japanese customs, taboos, and people beforehand. |
One custom is that you should (take) _____ off your shoes before (enter) _______ someone’s house. In Japan, the floor must always be kept clean because usually people (sit) _______, eat a meal, or even (sleep) _______ on the floor. Another custom is giving gifts. The Japanese often (give) _______ a small gift to people who have (do) ______ favors for them. Usually this token of gratitude (give) _______ in July and December to keep harmonious relations with the receiver. When you (give) ______ someone such a gift, you should make some form of apology about it. For example, many Japanese will say, “This is just a small gift that I have for you.” In addition, it is not polite to open a gift immediately. The receiver usually (wait) _____ untiñ the giver has left so the giver will not be embarrassed if the gift (turn) _____ out to be defectiver or displeasing. |
Connectors Because in addition even if for example first but
______, it is important to know about Japanese taboos. All cultures have certain actions that are considered socially unacceptable. ______ something is acceptable in one culture, it can easily be taboo in another culture._________, chopsticks are used in many cultures, _______ there are two taboos about chopsticks etiquette in Japan. _______, you should never stand the chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. _______ standing chopsticks upright is done at a funeral ceremony, this action is associated with death. Second, you must never pass food from one pair of chopsticks to another. Again, this is related to burial rites in Japan. |
Articles A, an, or the. Some blanks do not require articles Third, it is important to know that Japanese people have _____ different cultural values. One of _______ important differences in _____ cultural values is ______ Japanese desire to maintain ______ harmony at all cost. People try to avoid causing any kind of dispute. If there is ______ problem, both sides are expected to compromise in order to avoid an argument. People are expected to restrain their emotions and put _______ goal of compromise above their individual wishes. Related to this is _______ concept of patience. Japanese put ______ great deal of ____ value on _______ patience. Patience also contributes to maintaining _______ good relations with _______ everyone and avoiding _______ disputes. |
Prepositions Into, in, to, about, with, of, around. You may use them more than once. ______ conclusion, if you want to get along well ______ the Japanese and avoid uncomfortable situations when you go ______ Japan, it is important to take ______ account the features _______ Japanese culture that have been discussed here. Although it may be hard to understand Japanese customs because they are different, knowing _____ them can help you adjust to life in Japan. If you have an unfamiliar or difficult situation when you are _______ Japan, you should do what the people _____ you do. In other words, “when _____ Japan, do as the Japanese do.” |
Dangers of Corporal Punishment What should parents do when their five-year-old child says a bad word even though the child knows it is wrong? What should a teacher (do) _____ when a student in the second grade (call) _____ the teacher a name? When my parents (be) ______ children forty or fifty years ago, the answer to these questions was quite clear. The adult would spank the child immediately. Corporal punishment (be)_____ quite common then. When I was a child, I (be) _____ in a class in which the teacher got angry at a boy who kept (talk) ______ after she told him to be quiet. The teacher then (shout) _____ at the boy and, in front of all of us, (slap) _______ his face. My classmates and I were shocked. Even after twenty years, I still remember that incident quite clearly. If the teacher’s purpose (be) _____ to (teach) _____ us to (be) ______ quiet, she did not (succeed) _____However, if her purpose was to create an oppressive mood in the class, she succeeded. Because corporal punishment (be) _____ an ineffective and cruel method of discipline, it should never be (use) ______ under any circumstances. |
Prepositions Use: in, of, and for. Supporters _______ corporal punishment claim that physical discipline is necessary ______ developing a child’s sense _____ personal responsibility. Justice Lewis Powell, a former US Supreme Court justice, has even said that paddling children who misbehave has been an acceptable method ______ promoting good behavior and responsibility _____ school children for a long time. Some people worry that stopping corporal punishment in schools could result _____ a decline _______ school achievement. However, just because a student stops misbehaving does not mean that he or she suddenly has a better sense ______ personal responsibility or correct behavior. |
Articles A, an, or the. Some blanks do not require articles. Corporal punishment is ______ ineffective way to punish ______ child because it may stop a behavior for a while, but it will not necessarily have _______ long-term effect. Thus, if an adult inflicts ______ mild form of _______ corporal punishment that hurts the child very little or not at all, it will not get rid of the bad behavior. Moreover, because corporal punishment works only temprarily, it will have to be repeated whenever the child misbehaves. It may then become _____ standard response to any misbehavior. This can lead to ______ frequent and more severe spanking, which may result in ______ abuse. |
Comma splices A negative effect of corporal punishment in school is that it makes some students feel aggressive toward parents, teachers, and fellow students. In my opinion, children regard corporal punishment as a form of teacher aggression that makes them feel helpless. Therefore, students may get frustrated if corporal punishment is used frequently. Furthermore, it increases disruptive behavior that can become more aggressive, this leads to school violence and bullying of fellow students. Supporters of corporal punishment believe that it is necessary to maintain a good learning environment, it is unfortunate that the opposite result of it happens. The learning environment actually becomes less effective when there is aggressive behavior. |
Verb form Last, corporal punishment may result in antisocial behavior later in life because it teaches children that adults condone violence as a solution to problems. Children who are spank learn that it is acceptable for a stronger person using violence against a weaker person. The concept of “might makers right” is forced upon them at a very early age. Furthermore, this concept teaches a lesson not only to those who are spanked but also to those who witness it. Studies of prisoners and delinquents shows that nearly 100 percent of the violent inmates at San Quentin and 64 percent of juvenile delinquents was victims of seriously abusive punishment during childhood. If serious punishment causes antisocial behavior, perhaps even milder punishment also contribute to violence. Research at the University of New Hampshire will find that children who were spanked between the ages of three and five showed higher levels of antisocial behavior when they were observed just two and four years later. This behavior included higher levels of beating family members, hitting fellow students, and defying parents. It is ironic that the behavior for which teachers punishing students often get worse as a result of the spanking. |
Editing for errors For punishment to be effective, it must produce a great behavioral change, resulting in behavior that is permanent, and produce minimal side effects. However, none of these changes is a result of corporal punishment. Therefore, we should consider alternatives to corporal punishment. Because discipline is necessary to educate children. One of the alternatives are to emphasize student’s positive behaviors. Some research shows that reward, praise, and self esteem is the most powerful motivators for the learning. Other alternatives are to golf conferences with students to help them plan acceptable behave or to use school staff, such as psychologists and counselors. It is important to built better interpersonal relations between teachers and students. In addition to these alternatives, instruction that reaches all students, such as detention, in-school suspension, and Saturday school, is available to discipline and punishment unruly students, too. Alternatives to corporal punishment taught children to be self-disciplined rather than to be cooperative only because of fear. |
Editing for errors In the conclusion, teachers should not use corporal punishment because it is ineffective in disciplining students and may have long-term negative effects on students. Moreover, teachers should not forget that love and understanding must be part of any kind of discipline. Discipline and love is not opposites, punishment must involve letting the children know that what they do is wrong and why punishment is necessary. Teachers should not just beat student with the hopeful that he will understand. It is important to maintain discipline without inflicting physical pain on students. Therefore, teachers should use effective and more humane alternatives. In order to bring about permanent behavioral changes. |
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