Lesson 9 passive voice

 Lesson 9 passive voice

Connectors and transitions

Listing and giving examples

Within a sentence

Between sentences

This type of + noun

Another + noun 

In addition, subject + verb

For example, subject + verb

For instance, subject + verb

Finally, subject + verb

During + noun

Before + present participle

Regardless of + noun

If + noun + verb

That is, subject + verb

Still, subject + verb 


Passive voice

In English sentences, the most important information is contained in the subject, which is usually near the beginning of a sentence. In contrast, the passive voice is used to put more emphasis on the receiver of the action than on the subject. 


Step 1. Switch the locations of the subject and the object.

Active voice: Andre broke his new cricket bat. 

Passive voice: the new cricket bat was broken by Andre. 

Step 2. Add a form of the verb to be. Keep the verb tense of the original active voice verb. 

Active voice: Andre broke his new cricket bat. 

Passive voice: the new cricket bat was broken by Andre. 

Step 3. Change the main verb in the active voice sentence to the past participle in the passive voice. 

Active voice. Andre broke his new cricket bat. 

Passive voice: the new cricket bat was broken by Andre. 

Step 4. Add the preposition by to show who performed the action. 

Active voice. Andre broke his new cricket bat. 

Passive voice: the new cricket bat was broken by Andre. 


Exercise. 

Rewrite the active voice sentences as passive voice sentences.

  1. The students made mistakes. 

  2. My sister organized the anniversary party for my parents. 

  3. Ursula gave a gift to John. 

  4. Fire destroyed the forest near our home. 


Using adjective clauses. 

Writers often use adjective clauses to define special terms. An adjective clause consists of a relative pronoun (that, which or who) followed by a verb and sometimes an object. It describes the noun that comes before it. 



examplanation

examples

Use that or which for things. 

Gumbo is a thick soup that contains seafood or meat. 

Use who or that for people. 

A goalie is a player who protects his team’s goal. 

Use no commas if the information in the adjective clause is necessary to clarify who or what. 

The city that we will visit last on our trip is located in central Florida. 

Use commas to separate the adjective clause if the information is not necessary to understand the sentence. 

Orlando, which we will visit last on our trip, is located in central Florida. 


Exercise

If an underline part of a sentence is incorrect, write a correction above it. 

  1. My car was drive by my friend, and now the steering wheel is not working properly. 

  2. Everyone likes the professor which teaches the introduction to psychology course.

  3. Oil is produced mainly in the Middle East, but Venezuela, which lies in South America, also produces it. 

  4. How many times have you eaten in the Italian restaurant who is located downtown?

  5. The exam that we took last week was very easy. I'm not sure that it was written by my teacher!

  6. The skills that are needed by modern soldiers cannot be taught in a six-week crash course before these soldiers sent abroad. 

  7. Before we continue the discussion that was interrupted yesterday, let me begin today by explaining that pain is something is felt in your brain. 

  8. The Prague Zoological Garden, one of the most child-friendly zoos, are said to be the number one zoo in Europe. 



EXAMPLES

This type of + noun:

  1. This type of computer is designed for graphic design and video editing tasks.
  2. She enjoys reading this type of novel because it combines elements of mystery and romance.
  3. This type of investment carries a higher risk but also the potential for greater returns.

Another + noun:

  1. He decided to try another recipe for chocolate cake after the first one turned out too dry.
  2. She needed another pair of shoes to match her new outfit for the party.
  3. After completing one project, they moved on to another to keep their momentum going.

During + noun:

  1. During the meeting, she took detailed notes to capture all the key points discussed.
  2. He felt nervous during the exam, but his preparation paid off in the end.
  3. The children played games during the party, enjoying each other's company.

Before + present participle:

  1. She likes to stretch before exercising to prevent muscle strain.
  2. He always checks his email before leaving for work in the morning.
  3. They review their notes before attending the lecture to better understand the material.

Regardless of + noun:

  1. She believes in treating everyone with kindness and respect regardless of their background.
  2. The restaurant welcomes all customers warmly regardless of their dietary preferences.
  3. The policy applies to all employees equally regardless of their position within the company.

If + noun + verb:

  1. If the weather permits, we'll have a picnic in the park tomorrow.
  2. She'll join us if her schedule allows her to take some time off.
  3. We can go for a walk if you finish your homework early.

That is, Subject + Verb:

  1. The car broke down on the highway; that is, it needs to be towed to the nearest garage.
  2. She's been studying hard for the exam; that is, she expects to perform well.
  3. The team has been training rigorously; that is, they're prepared for the upcoming tournament.

Still, Subject + Verb:

  1. She practiced the piano for hours every day; still, she couldn't master the piece.
  2. The company implemented new policies to improve efficiency; still, productivity remained low.
  3. He followed the diet plan strictly; still, he struggled to lose weight.

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